The three-year data matching audit will cross-reference information from the Australian government's Home Affairs Department with Australian Tax Office records.
"It is estimated that records of 20 million individuals will be obtained over the course of the three-year period," the ATO confirmed with Reuters on Sunday.
"These records will be electronically matched with ATO data holdings to identify non-compliance with obligations under taxation and superannuation laws."
Information on visa holders, foreign students, their sponsors, education providers and migration agents will be reviewed along with address records, travel movements and visa lodgments over financial years from 2017-18 and 2019-20.
If any discrepancies are found, the individual will have 28 days to respond to a request for information before administrative action is taken, said the ATO.
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